Introduction: To become a parent is the goal of many young people. Some studies point to a higher prevalence of infertility among medical personnel. Possible reasons for this could be the work environment and specific working conditions such as exposure to radiation sources, inhalation anesthetics and infections. Working in operating theaters, in addition to unfavorable working conditions for fertility, also brings with it a high level of stress, inability to perform basic life needs on time, lack of sleep, exposure to inhalation anesthetics, all of which can adversely affect fertility. It is also a fact that nowadays pregnancy itself is often postponed until financial stability is achieved, and older age at the time of trying to conceive is also a possible reason for conception problems. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of infertility and difficult conception among medical staff (theater nurses, anesthesiology technicians, surgeons, anesthesiologists) in the operating theaters of the Clinical Hospital Center (UHC) of the Sestre milosrdnice in Zagreb, Croatia. The secondary objective was to determine the factors associated with infertility and difficulties in conception among the researched population concerning working conditions and the respondents' perception of the relationship between workplace conditions and the achievement of parenthood. Methods: The research was conducted in the operating theaters of surgery, gynecology, otolaryngology, urology, neurosurgery and ophthalmology of the Sestre milosrdnice, UHC in Zagreb from March to April 2024. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The data was collected using a written questionnaire. The questionnaire was derived from two available questionnaires (Infertility Questionnaire i FertiQuol-Croatian) used to collect data similar to those collected in this research and adapted to questions related to the specific working conditions of the respondents of this research. The questionnaire has 48 questions. The results: Out of a total of 57 respondents, 18 (31.5%) anesthesiology technicians, 5 (8.8%) anesthesiologists, 30 (52.6%) instrument technicians, 3 (5.2%) surgeons and 1 (2.9%) logistic worker. All respondents included in the research work in operating theatres. The data show a high percentage of women in the surveyed population who report problems with infertility. 24 of them (41.2%) report problems with conception but not the majority. The most problems with conception were observed in the occupations of theatre nurse (11/30; 45.83%) and anesthesiology technician (10/18; 41.67%). Of the 24 respondents who reported problems with conception, 16 (66.6%) had problems with their 1st pregnancy, 10 (41.6%) with their second or subsequent pregnancy, and 2 (8.3%) had problems both with the first and second or with one of the following pregnancies. The majority (N=48; 84.2%) of respondents believe that they are exposed to excessive stress at work. Out of a total of 24 female respondents who reported problems with conception, 10 (41.6%) believe that the workplace had an effect on fertility problems, 13 (54.1%) female respondents believe that the workplace has no influence, and 1 (4.1%) ) respondent undecided. This research did not prove a statistically significant difference in the frequency of presumed risk factors for infertility between women who did and did not have problems conceiving. Conclusion: The research provides insight into the factors related to the workplace that influence the difficulty or complications in conception encountered by the female medical staff of UHC Sestre milosrdnice in Zagreb, Croatia. Most of the staff achieved pregnancy without the investigated problems included in this study, however, a higher incidence of infertility was found among the study population compared to the general population. Future efforts should be aimed at improving the quality and working conditions in operating theaters.