Introduction: Breast cancer represents a significant public health issue, with treatment based on a multidisciplinary approach. Patient preferences are a critical component in the decision-making process regarding surgical interventions, while a multidisciplinary approach is crucial for achieving optimal oncological and surgical outcomes. Treatment methods for breast cancer have evolved over the past decade, with a large number of patients now receiving preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy aimed at achieving complete pathological remission. The occurrence of postoperative seroma is one of the most common complications. Seroma formation occurs due to the accumulation of acute inflammatory exudate at the site of breast parenchyma removal. Aim: This study aims to analyze and examine the occurrence of postoperative seroma following various treatment methods for breast cancer. Methods: The study is a prospective cohort study involving 90 patients treated for breast cancer at the Sisters of Charity Hospital - Clinic for tumors, between January 15th and April 15th, 2023. The patients are divided into two groups: those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and those who were primarily treated with breast-conserving surgery. Data is collected by reviewing patients' medical records on the 6th and 10th postoperative days. General information such as age, smoking habits, BMI, and comorbidities are analyzed. A comparison is made between the medical records of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before breast cancer surgery and those who did not. Results: The results indicate that patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a lower incidence of postoperative seroma. Significant differences were also observed in the histological types of breast cancer, types of surgical procedures, and the presence of biopsy and lymph node dissection between the two groups. Patients who started treatment with breast surgery had a higher incidence of high blood pressure. The analysis also revealed a statistically significant difference in age between the two groups, with patients who started treatment with breast surgery being older. These findings provide important insights for improving clinical practices and care for patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the treatment of breast cancer and postoperative seroma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast-conserving surgery have proven effective in reducing seroma formation following breast cancer surgery, highlighting the importance of optimizing postoperative care. The findings offer guidelines for adapting clinical practice and underscore the benefits of these therapeutic approaches. Integrating these methods may reduce complication rates and improve the quality of life for patients. Further research and integration of these therapeutic options could be crucial for optimal breast cancer treatment.