Introduction: Nurses working in palliative and oncology wards face a number of ethical dilemmas in their work. Sometimes it is difficult for them to discern what is morally right and how they should act upon the orders of their superiors. Their work with dying patients requires mental and emotional stability. This is why they have an increased risk of developing moral distress and moral injury. Objective: to determine and compare the level of moral distress and moral injury among nurses working in palliative and oncology wards, the most common consequences and other factors associated with the development of moral distress and moral injury. Methods: The research was conducted in palliative and oncology departments in 11 institutions in the Republic of Croatia. The data collection period is from January to July 2021. Measure of Moral Distress - Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) and Moral Injury Symptom Scale: Healthcare Professionals Version (MISS HP) were used to collect data. Data is presented using descriptive statistics. The correlation of the mean total score for both questionnaires was shown using the Pearson correlation coefficient. An exploratory factor analysis was performed for the MISS-HP questionnaire Results: 162 respondents participated in the research. The majority of respondents, 65.4%, show a low level of moral distress. 54.4% of respondents show serious symptoms of moral injury. The research proved the connection between moral distress and moral injury, and it was noticed that a higher level of moral distress and serious symptoms of moral injury result in leaving the job and a lower level of education. Conclusion: Although this problem has not been discussed in our country so far, the presence of moral distress and moral injury in nurses working in palliative and oncology departments is significant. It is important to make all health professionals aware of the harmfulness of moral distress and moral injury through public health and educational programs, as well as through workshops and seminars. Further research is needed on this topic in Croatia, which could unquestionably contribute to the further development of the nursing profession, but also to the protection of the mental health of nurses.