Background: Neuropathic pain is defined as the result of disease or damage to the central or peripheral nervous system. Chronic pain, especially neuropathic pain, greatly affects the quality of life in patients after kidney transplantation and nephrectomy, so it is very important to recognize it as early as possible. Aim: The objectives of the study were to determine whether there is a difference between patients undergoing kidney transplantation and patients who underwent nephrectomy in relation to the incidence of neuropathic pain, and whether the incidence of neuropathic pain is higher in patients with diabetes, psychiatric diagnosis, and previous surgery. Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Urology Clinic and Nephrology-Transplant Clinic, Clinical Hospital "Merkur". Data from 80 patients were analyzed, 45 of them had a kidney transplant and 35 had a nephrectomy. Validated questionnaires are used to assess pain, the VAS pain scale, and the pain detect questionnaire translated into Croatian was used to assess neuropathic pain. Results: Most respondents have a negative result according to the pain detect questionnaire (92.5%). Gender, lifestyle habits, diagnosis of diabetes, and previous surgeries showed no significant differences from the pain detection questionnaire. Older subjects (61-84 years) had significantly more neuropathic pain present compared to younger subjects (p = 0.04). Patients diagnosed with psychiatric illness had a higher number of adverse outcomes according to the pain detection questionnaire (p = 0,019) as well as a higher intensity of pain according to the VAS scale at the time of filling the inquiry (p = 0,002), the strongest pain in the last 4 weeks (p= 0,001) and average pain in the last 4 weeks (p = 0,003) compared to patients without a diagnosis of psychiatric illness. Conclusion: The obtained results show that there is no difference in the incidence of neuropathic pain in patients after transplantation and nephrectomy. Diabetes and previous surgeries have not shown statistical significance in the incidence of neuropathic pain. Subjects who had been diagnosed with a psychiatric diagnosis had significantly greater pain and more unclear results on the pain detect questionnaire.