Background: Arthroplasty or implantation of artificial joints is used for the purpose of replacing pathological changes or decomposition of joints. Due to the aging population and the increase in the number of overweight people by 2040, it is expected that the prevalence of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee will increase by up to 52%. Orthopedic procedures are usually elective which allows good anesthetic preparation and planning, and the operations are most often performed under spinal anesthesia. Chronic pain in the bones, joints and spine is one of the most common cause of arrival for examination and surgery, acute pain is the result of the surgery and is assessed using the NRS scale and treated with intravenous opioid and non-opioid analgesia in combination with femoral block administration. Psychomotor agitation can occur as an acute event in a stressful situation and is characterized by unintentional and meaningless movements and restlessness. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the occurrence of psychomotor agitation with postoperative pain and general condition (before surgery) in patients after surgery to install a total hip and knee endoprosthesis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was proven at the Clinic for Orthopedics of the University Hospital Center Zagreb in the intensive care unit. An appropriate pattern of respondents was included in the study, a total of 100 patients out of 50 patients included in the study retrospectively. Date were collected from medical records and the emergence of psychomotor agitation and unrest was exclusively medical assessment. This retrospective cohort serves as a ,,reference” to reflect the fact that the group in which the study was conducted is quite similar to the prospective one and that the study includes a typical population of patients coming for total hip and knee endoprosthesis surgery. Patients included prospectively in the study, 50 of them, evaluated conditions performed using validated CAM-ICU and RASS questionnaires. Results: The demographic and morbidity characteristics of the participant sin the retrospective and prospective groups did not differ significantly. The average age of the respondents in the prospective group was 64.6 years, and in the retrospective 64 years. The prospective group included 34 female and 16 male subjects, including 31 hip surgeries and 19 knee surgeries. Measured values on the RASS scale are +1 (patient restless) 17 of them or +2 (patient agitated) 33 of them. Pain intensity 6 hours after surgery was available from 1 to 5 on the NRS scale (pain is very mild). The proportion of patients with RASS +2 increased with increasing pain intensity. Conclusion: The incidence of psychomotor agitation is not high in patients after total hip and knee endoprosthesis surgery because the changed values are only two or +1 (patient restless) or +2 (patient agitated) or no therapy was required. The proportion of patients with RASS + 2 scores on the agitation scale increases with rapid pain intensity, and those with RASS +1 decrease.