Introduction: The elevated body temperature is a temporary increase in body temperature above the daily average of 36.6 °C-38 °C, measured by a thermometer. It can be a benign symptom (e.g. colds) or a serious condition and is often seen in children. But even in mild cases, many parents want to know about the treatment of fever and are concerned about possible side effects such as seizures, brain damage, and even death; however, these outcomes are rare. Parents often do not recognize exactly high body temperature and often have misconceptions about body temperature and participate in various activities and expectations. Parental knowledge plays an important role in access to elevated body temperature. Lack of knowledge of pathophysiology and treatment is the cause of parental fear; this may cause parents to become more concerned about the duration of the febrile condition, the rate at which the temperature rises, the appearance and behaviour of the child, and the underlying cause of the febrility. Inadequate parental knowledge about fever can also lead to unnecessary and inappropriate treatment, such as inadequate frequency of antipyretic administration as well as incorrect doses of medication or intervals at which the medications are used. Objective: To examine the knowledge and attitudes of parents about lowering elevated body temperature in children and to examine the difference in knowledge and attitudes in relation to the number of children in the family, educational level, socio-demographic characteristics and age of parents who attended the Department of Pediatrics' Emergency Room at the University Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice. Methods: The research was conducted through an anonymous, live paper survey during working hours in the Pediatric Emergency Room, from January 1st to February 28th 2024. The study used a questionnaire based on validated questionnaires in English published in internationally indexed medical journals. The questionnaire was translated into Croatian according to the guidelines described in the rules of the Croatian Catholic University and included its own additional questions under order numbers 1, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. The author's permission was obtained for the use of the validated Croatian translation of the questionnaire, as well as for the necessary amendments to the questionnaire. Cross-sectional research was conducted for the purpose of writing graduate paper. Results: 157 subjects were included in the study. Data analysis showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the knowledge of parents with a higher level of education and parents with a lower level of education. Furthermore, it has been demonstraded that the parents' overall knowledge of elevated temperatures is scarce. Parents' knowledge is not correlated with parents' age or the number of children they have. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the general knowledge of parents about elevated body temperature is insignificant and also provides insight into the need for improvement of public health activities aimed at educating parents about febrilitis