Liver failure is a severe deterioration of liver function which can be caused by various conditions such as viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and alcohol-related or drug-induced liver damage. Liver failure treatment depends on the cause and characteristic clinical indicators. The first step in liver failure treatment is a conservative approach comprising diet restriction, controlled protein intake and avoiding alcohol consumption that can lead to additional liver damage. Organ transplantation is widely accepted treatment option for acute or chronic liver failure. In some cases organ transplantation is the only useful modality of treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. Successful liver transplant is not only a life-saving procedure; It also improves patients life quality bringing them back to their working routines and everyday activities. The main goal of this research article is to define causes of liver failure in patients who underwent liver transplant; To determine if alcoholic liver cirrhosis is the most common cause of liver failure requiring transplantation and to investigate are there any gender-related differences among underlying causes of liver failure. The data used in this research is collected from patient's history and other medical documentation pertaining to patients who underwent liver transplant in one clinical center. The subjects (patients) are divided in two groups regarding their gender – 30 men and 30 women. The stated hypothesis was: Liver failure caused by alcoholic liver cirrhosis is the most frequent cause of liver failure and represents the most common indication for organ transplant especially in men. The conducted research confirmed the proposed hypothesis. The most common cause of liver failure was alcoholic cirrhosis, in 28,3% of cases, 82,3% of them men and 17,7% women, respectively. The second most common cause of liver failure was hepatocellular carcinoma (23,3%), followed by cryptogenic cirrhosis (13,3%), while other causes were presented with lesser percentages.