| Sažetak | UVOD: Pušenje duhana je globalni javnozdravstveni problem. Danas je poznato da u dimu cigarete postoji 7000 kemijskih spojeva i preko 75 kancerogenih sastojaka. Kao posljedica pušenja dolazi do oštećenja dišnog, krvožilnog, probavnog, živčanog, reproduktivnog te koštano-mišićnog sustava. Pušenje kao ovisnost je sve popularnija i među mlađom populacijom, što dugoročno gledano može dovesti do velikih zdravstvenih problema pojedinca kao i financijsko opterećenje i zahtjeve u zdravstvenom sustavu. U svrhu prevencije, edukacije, motivacije i pomoći za prestanak pušenja danas se nudi nekolicina intervencija, kao što su farmakoterapija, konzultacija s liječnikom, grupna terapija, mobilna aplikacija.
CILJ: Ispitati mišljenje pušača o intervencijama za prestanak pušenja koje bi bile najučinkovitije za prestanak pušenja među odraslim osobama.
METODE: Istraživanje je provedeno putem Facebook društvene mreže u periodu od 12. srpnja 2019. do 27. kolovoza 2019. Riječ je o transverzalnoj studiji koja je provedena putem ankete koja se sastoji od 20 pitanja. U istraživanje su uključeni odrasli pušači u dobi od 18 do 65 i više godina.
REZULTATI: U istraživanju su sudjelovala 353 ispitanika od kojih 257 (72,8%) žena i 96 (27,2%) muškaraca. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da je većina sudionika ženskog spola i mlađe odrasle dobi, u radnom odnosu, srednje stručne spreme u braku (ili živi s partnerom). Mlađa odrasla dob je sklonija prestanku pušenja od starije odrasle dobi. Društvene mreže za 15% sudionika predstavljaju jedini izvor informacija, a kao jedan od izvora dosežu čak 41,9%. Trećina sudionika (33,1%), izražava kako ne zna koje intervencije za prestanak pušenja su im dostupne. Sudionici koji imaju teškoće u izbjegavanju situacija u kojima se puši , više izražavaju želju da prestanu pušiti zauvijek χ² (1, N=353)= 23,13, p<0,01. Sudionici koji su prethodno pokušali prestati pušiti ujedno više izražavaju želju da zauvijek prestanu pušiti, χ² (1, N=353)= 69,24, p<0,01. Ispitanici koji žele prestati pušiti (M=3,65, SD=1,096) imaju izraženiji stav o tome da su zdravstveni djelatnici nedovoljno angažirani nego što to imaju oni koji ne žele prestati pušiti (M=3,22, SD=1,148). Oni koji žele prestati pušiti imaju izraženiji stav da je zabranu pušenja vrijedno poštivati jer je učinkovita metoda prestanka pušenja, od onih koji ne žele prestati pušiti zauvijek(t(351)=4,47, p<0,01). Postoji značajna razlika u odluci za prestanak pušenja kada bi intervencija za pomoć pri prestanku bile dostupne u odnosu na stručnu spremu. Osobe niže stručne spreme više izražavaju spremnost od onih visoke stručne spreme (p<0,05). Oni koji imaju dostupne intervencije u mjestu stanovanja više izražavaju želju za prestankom pušenja zauvijek od onih koji nemaju (p<0,05).
ZAKLJUČAK: Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da pušači u mlađoj odrasloj dobi žele prestati pušiti i da informacije nalaze prvenstveno preko društvenim mreža. Za daljnji napredak edukacije i pružanja informacija, preporučljivo je da se naglasak da na zdravstveno osoblje kao najeduciraniji kadar u tom području. Rezultati ankete ukazuju da su osobe starije odrasle dobi najmanje motivirane i informirane za prestanak pušenja. Ukoliko informacije o intervencijama za prestanak pušenja učinimo dostupnima te same intervencije za prestanak pušenja budu dostupne, zasigurno ćemo dobiti i bolje rezultate o prestanku pušenja u budućnosti. Posebno su za takve intervencije zainteresirani pušači koji su predhodno imali pokušaj prestanka pušenja i koji su nižeg socioekonomskog statusa. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | INTRODUCTION: Tobacco smoking is a global public health problem. Today it is known that there are 7000 chemical compounds in cigarette smoke and over 75 carcinogenic ingredients. Smoking causes damage to the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, nervous, reproductive and musculoskeletal systems. Smoking as an addiction is becoming more and more popular among the younger population, which in the long run can lead to major health problems for the individual as well as financial burden and demands in the healthcare system. For the purpose of prevention, education, motivation and smoking cessation, several interventions are offered today, such as pharmacotherapy, consultation with a doctor, group therapy, a mobile application.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the opinion of smokers on smoking cessation interventions that would be most effective for smoking cessation among adults.
METHODS: The survey was conducted through the Facebook social network from July 12, 2019 to August 27, 2019. It is a transversal study conducted through a 20-question survey. The study included adult smokers aged 18 to 65 and older.
RESULTS: In the research 353 participated, of which 257 (72.8%) were women and 96 (27.2%) were men. The results of the research confirm that the majority of female and younger adult participants, in employment, have a secondary education in marriage (or live with a partner). Younger adults are more likely to quit smoking than older adults. For 15% of participants, social networks are the only source of information, and as one of the sources they reach as much as 41.9%. One third of the participants (33.1%) express that they do not know which smoking cessation interventions are available to them. Participants who have difficulty avoiding smoking situations are more likely to express a desire to quit smoking forever χ² (1, N = 353) = 23.13, p <0.01. Participants who had previously tried to quit smoking also expressed more desire to quit smoking forever, χ² (1, N = 353) = 69.24, p <0.01. Respondents who want to quit smoking (M = 3.65, SD = 1.096) have a more pronounced view that health professionals are under-engaged than those who do not want to quit smoking (M = 3.22, SD = 1.148). Those who want to quit smoking have a more pronounced attitude that the smoking ban is worth respecting because it is an effective method of quitting smoking, than those who do not want to quit smoking forever (t (351) = 4.47, p <0.01). There is a significant difference in the decision to quit smoking when intervention to help with quitting would be available in relation to education. Persons with lower education
express readiness more than those with higher education (p <0.05). Those who have available interventions in the place of residence express more a desire to quit smoking forever than those who do not (p <0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results of the research indicate that smokers in young adulthood want to quit smoking and that information is found primarily through social networks. For further advances in education and information provision, it is advisable to place emphasis on health care staff as the most educated staff in the field. The survey results indicate that older adults are the least motivated and informed to quit smoking. If we make information on smoking cessation interventions available and the smoking cessation interventions themselves available, we will certainly get better results on smoking cessation in the future. Particularly interested in such interventions are smokers who have previously had an attempt to quit smoking and who are of lower socioeconomic status. |
