Parental sense of competence includes an assessment of parental self-efficacy and parental satisfaction. Parental self-efficacy is the cognitive element of parental competence and refers to parents' perception of how successful they are in the parenting role. Parental satisfaction is the affective dimension of parenting and reflects the degree of satisfaction in the parenting role. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of parental personality, child temperament, and marital quality to the parental sense of competence of parents with children aged from 3 to 7 years. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 342 mothers with children aged from 3 to 7 years. Participants completed the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC; Gibaud-Wallston and Wandersman, 1978, as cited in Johnston and Mash, 1989), International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-15; Milas, 2007), Children’s Behavior Questionnaire - very short form (CBQ-VSF; Putnam and Rothbart, 2006), Scale of Marriage Satisfaction (Ćubela Adorić and Jurević, 2007) and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS; Busby, Christensen, Crane and Larson, 1995). The results showed that mutual partner's adjustment in the dyad, parental education, and effortful control are important predictors in explaining parental self-efficacy and that emotional stability, mutual partner's adjustment in the dyad, and negative affect are important predictors in explaining parental satisfaction. These predictors explain 12,7 % of the variance of parental self-efficacy and 31,6 % of the variance of parental satisfaction. Higher mutual partner's adjustment, lower education of mothers, and higher effortful control of the child predict higher levels of parental self-efficacy. Also, higher emotional stability of the mother, higher mutual partner's adjustment, and lower negative affect of the child predict higher levels of parental satisfaction.