Title: Comparison of epidemiological characteristics of lower respiratory tract tumors in Sisak-Moslavina County and the Republic of Croatia in the period from 2001 to 2018: a retrospective study Background: Tumors of the lower respiratory tract are among the leading malignant diseases and a significant public health problem in the Republic of Croatia. Tumors of the lower respiratory tract include cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs. Lower airway tumors are among the five most diagnosed tumors while lung cancer is one of the most common causes of death among all tumors. In Croatia, an average of 20% of patients die from lung cancer. Aim: of the study was to analyze the incidence data to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the incidence of lower respiratory tract tumors in the population of Sisak-Moslavina County (SMC) in relation to the entire population of Croatia. Methods: Research is the retrospective analysis. Data on incidence and mortality from the Cancer Registry of the Croatian Institute of Public Health and censuses from the Central Bureau of Statistics were used. The study group were men and women, all registered patients in all age groups. The observed period referred to the time period from 2001. to 2018. Results: The research showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the number of newly diagnosed men and women in SMC in relation to Croatia. The number of affected men in Croatia is statistically significantly higher than the number of infected women (z = 30.87, p <0.01). A statistically significant higher number of infected men was also recorded in SMŽ (z = 33.39, p <0.01). The share of the total number of patients of the SMC in the observed period for Croatia is 5%. Despite the tendency of difference, i.e., higher number of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients at the descriptive level in almost all age groups in SMC, no statistically significant differences were found (p> 0.05). According to the geographical analysis, the largest number of patients is in the area of Banovina (N = 947), with the largest number of patients in the town of Petrinja (N = 350). The four age groups with the highest number of deaths (aged 60 to 79) make up 67.6% of the total number of deaths (N = 2362) in the SMC. Conclusion: The incidence of lower respiratory tract tumors in SMC is not higher than the Croatian average. On the geographical area of SMC, during the observed period, tumors did not appear more than the average in Croatia. In the observed period, men were more ill. The incidence of newly diagnosed men and