The postpartum period represents a challenging time with intense emotional experiences, physical changes, and family adaptations. During this period, there is an increased risk of developing mental disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Obsessions are unwanted, intrusive, and persistent thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety, while compulsions are uncontrollable repetitive behaviours or mental activities aimed at alleviating discomfort and anxiety. Research indicates a frequent occurrence of mild to moderate obsessive-compulsive symptoms in women after childbirth, with fewer cases of severe OCD. Their presence can negatively impact the quality of life for the entire family and have long-term consequences on the mother-child relationship and child development. Therefore, early recognition of these problems and timely involvement in therapeutic treatment are crucial. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is commonly used to measure the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms but has not yet been validated in the Croatian language. Depressive and anxious symptoms often co-occur with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and their association with depression and anxiety. The psychometric characteristics (factor structure and reliability) of the Croatian version of the Y-BOCS were examined and found to be satisfactory. The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a sample of 190 postpartum women was 13%, with predominantly mild symptoms. A positive and moderately significant correlation was observed between obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, and anxiety among postpartum women.